3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) induces gene mutations and inhibits metabolic cooperation in cultured Chinese hamster cells.

DRAFT: Evidence on the carcinogenicity of MX (3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone

3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) and mutagenic activity in Massachusetts drinking water.

There is limited information on the prevalence of the potent mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in U.S. water supplies. We measured MX concentrations and mutagenic activity in tap water samples from 36 surface water systems throughout Massachusetts. We found MX levels much higher (up to 80 ng/L) than previously reported in the United States. We also evaluated the ...

Solid-Phase Microextraction for Determination of 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)- 5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone in Water

Microextração em fase sólida, usando a derivatização on-line com bis(trimetilsilil)trifluoroacetamida, cromatografia a gás e espectrometria de massas, foi avaliada para a quantificação de 3-cloro-4-(diclorometil)-5-hidróxi-2(5H)-furanona (MX) em amostras de água. Foram usadas fibras de diferentes polaridades empregando a amostragem por imersão e por headspace. Para o sistema de imersão, foram a...

Carcinogenicity of the drinking water mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone in the rat.

BACKGROUND Several epidemiologic studies have suggested that the consumption of chlorinated drinking water may be associated with the development of certain cancers in humans. 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a byproduct of the chemical reactions that occur in chlorinated drinking water, has been found to be mutagenic in bacteria and mammalian cells; however, its poten...

NSRL for MX

The cancer potency of MX ("mutagen X"; 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)furanone) was estimated from dose-response data of multiple MX-responding tumor sites observed among male and female rats exposed orally (Komulainen et al., 1997; 2000). These sites were liver, adrenal and thyroid in both sexes and mammary gland in the female. Other sites were associated with treatment, but were j...